NiceCoders: css

CSS tutorial Complete Ebook

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CSS tutorial Complete Ebook

Hello NiceCoders, I have shared out this e-book but for the sake of those who could not get it, Please do use the Download link below t...

CSS inclusion

<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
There are four ways to associate styles with your HTML document. Most commonly used methods are inline CSS and External CSS.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Embedded CSS - The <style> Element</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can put your CSS rules into an HTML document using the <style> element. This tag is placed inside <head>...</head> tags. Rules defined using this syntax will be applied to all the elements available in the document. Here is the generic syntax −</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Following is the example of embed CSS based on the above syntax −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate tryit prettyprinted" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238) !important; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/images/try-it.jpg) !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; min-height: 37px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="dec" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;"><!DOCTYPE html></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><style</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">type</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"text/css"</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">media</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"all"</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         body </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            background</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> linen</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         h1 </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> maroon</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            margin</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">left</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">40px</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></style></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">   
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><h1></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">This is a heading</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></h1></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><p></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">This is a paragraph.</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></p></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></html></span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
It will produce the following result −</div>
<iframe class="result" height="203px" src="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/src/inclusion.htm" style="border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; width: 558px;" width="600px"></iframe><span style="background-color: white; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"></span><br />
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Attributes</h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Attributes associated with <style> elements are −</div>
<table class="table table-bordered" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 558px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Attribute</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Value</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Description</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">type</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">text/css</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Specifies the style sheet language as a content-type (MIME type). This is required attribute.</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">media</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
screen</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
tty</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
tv</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
projection</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
handheld</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
print</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
braille</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
aural</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
all</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: middle;">Specifies the device the document will be displayed on. Default value is <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">all</i>. This is an optional attribute.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Inline CSS - The <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">style</i> Attribute</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can use <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">style</i> attribute of any HTML element to define style rules. These rules will be applied to that element only. Here is the generic syntax −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><element</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">style</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">...</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">style rules</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">....</span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">></span></pre>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px !important; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Attributes</h3>
<table class="table table-bordered" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 558px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Attribute</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 83px;">Value</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Description</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">style</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">style rules</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">The value of <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">style</i> attribute is a combination of style declarations separated by semicolon (;).</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Example</h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Following is the example of inline CSS based on the above syntax −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate tryit prettyprinted" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238) !important; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/images/try-it.jpg) !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; min-height: 37px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><h1</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">style</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:#</span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">36C</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> This is inline CSS </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></h1></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></html></span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
It will produce the following result −</div>
<iframe class="result" height="203px" src="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/src/inclusion1.htm" style="border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; width: 558px;" width="600px"></iframe><span style="background-color: white; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"></span><br />
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
External CSS - The <link> Element</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
The <link> element can be used to include an external stylesheet file in your HTML document.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
An external style sheet is a separate text file with <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">.css</b> extension. You define all the Style rules within this text file and then you can include this file in any HTML document using <link> element.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Here is the generic syntax of including external CSS file −</div>
<pre class="result notranslate" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><head>
   <link type = "text/css" href = "..." media = "..." />
</head>
</pre>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px !important; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Attributes</h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Attributes associated with <style> elements are −</div>
<table class="table table-bordered" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 558px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Attribute</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Value</th><th style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Description</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">type</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">text/css</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Specifies the style sheet language as a content-type (MIME type). This attribute is required.</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">href</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">URL</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">Specifies the style sheet file having Style rules. This attribute is a required.</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;">media</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
screen</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
tty</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
tv</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
projection</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
handheld</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
print</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
braille</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
aural</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
all</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; padding: 8px; vertical-align: middle;">Specifies the device the document will be displayed on. Default value is <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">all</i>. This is optional attribute.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Example</h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Consider a simple style sheet file with a name <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">mystyle.css</i> having the following rules −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">,</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> h2</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">,</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> h3 </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#36C;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   font</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">weight</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> normal</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   letter</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">spacing</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">.</span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">4em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   margin</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bottom</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">1em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   text</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> lowercase</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Now you can include this file <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">mystyle.css</i> in any HTML document as follows −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><link</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">type</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"text/css"</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">href</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"mystyle.css"</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">media</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">" all"</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">/></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span></pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Imported CSS - @import Rule</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
@import is used to import an external stylesheet in a manner similar to the <link> element. Here is the generic syntax of @import rule.</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   <@import "URL";
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Here URL is the URL of the style sheet file having style rules. You can use another syntax as well −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   <@import url("URL");
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span></pre>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px !important; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Example</h3>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Following is the example showing you how to import a style sheet file into HTML document −</div>
<pre class="result notranslate" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><head>
   @import "mystyle.css";
</head>
</pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
CSS Rules Overriding</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
We have discussed four ways to include style sheet rules in a an HTML document. Here is the rule to override any Style Sheet Rule.</div>
<ul class="list" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Any inline style sheet takes highest priority. So, it will override any rule defined in <style>...</style> tags or rules defined in any external style sheet file.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Any rule defined in <style>...</style> tags will override rules defined in any external style sheet file.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Any rule defined in external style sheet file takes lowest priority, and rules defined in this file will be applied only when above two rules are not applicable.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Handling old Browsers</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
There are still many old browsers who do not support CSS. So, we should take care while writing our Embedded CSS in an HTML document. The following snippet shows how you can use comment tags to hide CSS from older browsers −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><style</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">type</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"text/css"</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;"></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></style></span></pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
CSS Comments</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Many times, you may need to put additional comments in your style sheet blocks. So, it is very easy to comment any part in style sheet. You can simple put your comments inside /*.....this is a comment in style sheet.....*/.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can use /* ....*/ to comment multi-line blocks in similar way you do in C and C++ programming languages.</div>
<h3 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Example</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate tryit prettyprinted" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238) !important; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/images/try-it.jpg) !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 100% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; cursor: default; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; min-height: 37px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="dec" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;"><!DOCTYPE html></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><style></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         p </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> red</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">/* This is a single-line comment */</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
            text</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">align</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> center</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
         </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">/* This is a multi-line comment */</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></style></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><p></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Hello World!</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></p></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></html></span></pre>
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It will produce the following result −</div>
<iframe class="result" height="203px" src="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/src/inclusion2.htm" style="border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; width: 558px;" width="600px"></iframe><span style="background-color: white; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"></span>

CSS inclusion

There are four ways to associate styles with your HTML document. Most commonly used methods are inline CSS and External CSS. Embedded CSS...

CSS syntax

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A CSS comprises of style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the corresponding elements in your document. A style rule is made of three parts −</div>
<ul class="list" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Selector</b> − A selector is an HTML tag at which a style will be applied. This could be any tag like <h1> or <table> etc.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Property</b> - A property is a type of attribute of HTML tag. Put simply, all the HTML attributes are converted into CSS properties. They could be<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">color</i>, <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">border</i> etc.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Value</b> - Values are assigned to properties. For example, <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">color</i> property can have value either <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">red</i> or <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">#F1F1F1</i> etc.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can put CSS Style Rule Syntax as follows −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">selector </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">property</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> value </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<img alt="Syntax" src="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/images/syntax.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; display: block; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 4px; vertical-align: middle;" /><br />
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Example:</b> You can define a table border as follows −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">table</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> border </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">1px</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> solid </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#C00; }</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Here table is a selector and border is a property and given value <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">1px solid #C00</i> is the value of that property.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can define selectors in various simple ways based on your comfort. Let me put these selectors one by one.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Type Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This is the same selector we have seen above. Again, one more example to give a color to all level 1 headings:</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1 </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#36CFFF; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Universal Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Rather than selecting elements of a specific type, the universal selector quite simply matches the name of any element type −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">*</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule renders the content of every element in our document in black.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Descendant Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Suppose you want to apply a style rule to a particular element only when it lies inside a particular element. As given in the following example, style rule will apply to <em> element only when it lies inside <ul> tag.</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ul em </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Class Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can define style rules based on the class attribute of the elements. All the elements having that class will be formatted according to the defined rule.</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">.</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">black </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule renders the content in black for every element with class attribute set to <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">black</i> in our document. You can make it a bit more particular. For example:</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">.</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">black </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule renders the content in black for only <h1> elements with class attribute set to <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">black</i>.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can apply more than one class selectors to given element. Consider the following example:</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"><p</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="atn" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f0055;">class</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="atv" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"center bold"</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;">></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   This para will be styled by the classes </span><i style="box-sizing: border-box;">center</i><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> and </span><i style="box-sizing: border-box;">bold</i><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">.
</span><span class="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000088;"></p></span></pre>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The ID Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can define style rules based on the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> attribute of the elements. All the elements having that <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> will be formatted according to the defined rule.</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#black {</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule renders the content in black for every element with <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> attribute set to<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">black</i> in our document. You can make it a bit more particular. For example −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1</span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#black {</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule renders the content in black for only <h1> elements with <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> attribute set to <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">black</i>.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
The true power of <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> selectors is when they are used as the foundation for descendant selectors, For example:</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#black h2 {</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
In this example all level 2 headings will be displayed in black color when those headings will lie with in tags having <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</i> attribute set to <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">black</i>.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Child Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You have seen the descendant selectors. There is one more type of selector, which is very similar to descendants but have different functionality. Consider the following example −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">body </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">></span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> p </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This rule will render all the paragraphs in black if they are direct child of <body> element. Other paragraphs put inside other elements like <div> or <td> would not have any effect of this rule.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
The Attribute Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can also apply styles to HTML elements with particular attributes. The style rule below will match all the input elements having a type attribute with a value of <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">text</i> −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">input</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">[</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">type </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">=</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="str" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008800;">"text"</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">]{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#000000; </span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
The advantage to this method is that the <input type = "submit" /> element is unaffected, and the color applied only to the desired text fields.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
There are following rules applied to attribute selector.</div>
<ul class="list" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">p[lang]</b> - Selects all paragraph elements with a <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">lang</i> attribute.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">p[lang="fr"]</b> - Selects all paragraph elements whose <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">lang</i> attribute has a value of exactly "fr".</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">p[lang~="fr"]</b> - Selects all paragraph elements whose <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">lang</i> attribute contains the word "fr".</div>
</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/icon-bullet.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 4px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px !important; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">p[lang|="en"]</b> - Selects all paragraph elements whose <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">lang</i> attribute contains values that are exactly "en", or begin with "en-".</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Multiple Style Rules</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You may need to define multiple style rules for a single element. You can define these rules to combine multiple properties and corresponding values into a single block as defined in the following example −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1 </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#36C;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   font</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">weight</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> normal</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   letter</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">spacing</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">.</span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">4em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   margin</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bottom</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">1em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   text</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> lowercase</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
Here all the property and value pairs are separated by a <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">semi colon (;)</b>. You can keep them in a single line or multiple lines. For better readability we keep them into separate lines.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
For a while, don't bother about the properties mentioned in the above block. These properties will be explained in the coming chapters and you can find complete detail about properties in <a href="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/css_references.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://www.tutorialspoint.com/images/link-icon.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; outline: none !important; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 22px; text-decoration: none;">CSS References</a>.</div>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #121214; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: normal; left: 0px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;">
Grouping Selectors</h2>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can apply a style to many selectors if you like. Just separate the selectors with a comma, as given in the following example −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">h1</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">,</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> h2</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">,</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> h3 </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">{</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   color</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#36C;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   font</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">weight</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> normal</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   letter</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">spacing</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">.</span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">4em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   margin</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bottom</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">1em</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   text</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">-</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">transform</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> lowercase</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
This define style rule will be applicable to h1, h2 and h3 element as well. The order of the list is irrelevant. All the elements in the selector will have the corresponding declarations applied to them.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
You can combine the various <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">class</i> selectors together as shown below −</div>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate prettyprinted" style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 558px;"><span class="com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #880000;">#content, #footer, #supplement {</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   position</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> absolute</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   left</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">510px</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
   width</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">:</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span class="lit" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #006666;">200px</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">;</span><span class="pln" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span><span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;">}</span></pre>
<div>
<span class="pun" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666600;"><br /></span></div>

CSS syntax

A CSS comprises of style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the corresponding elements in your document. A style...

What is css?

<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">C</b>ascading <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">S</b>tyle <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">S</b>heets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 24px; margin: 0em 0.2em 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word;">
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used, layout designs,variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects.</div>
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CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.</div>
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Advantages of CSS</h2>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">CSS saves time</b> − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Pages load faster</b> − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Easy maintenance</b> − To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Superior styles to HTML</b> − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Multiple Device Compatibility</b> − Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Global web standards</b> − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Offline Browsing</b> − CSS can store web applications locally with the help of an offline catche.Using of this, we can view offline websites.The cache also ensures faster loading and better overall performance of the website.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Platform Independence</b> − The Script offer consistent platform independence and can support latest browsers as well.</div>
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Who Creates and Maintains CSS?</h2>
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CSS was invited by <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Håkon Wium Lie</b> on October 10, 1994 and maintained through a group of people within the W3C called the CSS Working Group. The CSS Working Group creates documents called <b style="box-sizing: border-box;">specifications</b>. When a specification has been discussed and officially ratified by W3C members, it becomes a recommendation.</div>
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These ratified specifications are called recommendations because the W3C has no control over the actual implementation of the language. Independent companies and organizations create that software.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">NOTE</b> − The World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C is a group that makes recommendations about how the Internet works and how it should evolve.</div>
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CSS Versions</h2>
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Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 (CSS1) was came out of W3C as a recommendation in December 1996. This version describes the CSS language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags.</div>
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CSS2 was became a W3C recommendation in May 1998 and builds on CSS1. This version adds support for media-specific style sheets e.g. printers and aural devices, downloadable fonts, element positioning and tables.</div>
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CSS3 was became a W3C recommendation in June 1999 and builds on older versions CSS. it has divided into documentations is called as Modules and here each module having new extension features defined in CSS2.</div>
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CSS3 Modules</h3>
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CSS3 Modules are having old CSS specifications as well as extension features.</div>
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